部署Rails

添加新用户

在服务器添加一个新的用户，用户名为 deploy教程

  • 执行命令sudo adduser 用户名

  • 按提示输入密码

  • 设置一些个人信息，可以直接按 enter 键，设为空

  • 添加权限

    在 root 用户下，打开/etc/sudoers文件

    #
# This file MUST be edited with the 'visudo' command as root.
#
# Please consider adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of
# directly modifying this file.
#
# See the man page for details on how to write a sudoers file.
#
Defaults        env_reset
Defaults        mail_badpass
Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/snap/bin"

# Host alias specification

# User alias specification

# Cmnd alias specification

# User privilege specification
root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
deploy  ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL # 添加这一行，使deploy具有使用sudo的权限

# Members of the admin group may gain root privileges
%admin ALL=(ALL) ALL

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

# See sudoers(5) for more information on "#include" directives:

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

ruby 安装

  • 安装rbenv 教程来源
    sudo deploy回到 deploy 下

    git clone https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenv
# 用来编译安装 ruby
git clone https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/ruby-build
# 用来管理 gemset, 可选, 因为有 bundler 也没什么必要
git clone git://github.com/jamis/rbenv-gemset.git  ~/.rbenv/plugins/rbenv-gemset
# 通过 rbenv update 命令来更新 rbenv 以及所有插件, 推荐
git clone git://github.com/rkh/rbenv-update.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/rbenv-update
# 使用 Ruby China 的镜像安装 Ruby, 国内用户推荐
git clone git://github.com/AndorChen/rbenv-china-mirror.git ~/.rbenv/plugins/rbenv-china-mirror

    然后把下面的代码放到 ~/.bashrc 里

    export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(rbenv init -)"

    然后重开一个终端就可以执行 rbenv 了.

  • 安装 ruby

    rbenv install --list  # 列出所有 ruby 版本
rbenv install 2.5.0     # 安装 2.5.0

    安转过程可能出现缺少依赖的错误，可参考这篇文章解决
    一般解决办法:

    sudo apt-get install autoconf bison build-essential libssl-dev libyaml-dev libreadline6 libreadline6-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev

  • 验证安装是否成功

    rbenv versions               # 列出安装的版本
rbenv version                # 列出正在使用的版本

  • 设置版本

    rbenv global 2.5.0      # 默认使用 2.5.0
rbenv shell 2.5.0       # 当前的 shell 使用 2.5.0, 会设置一个 `RBENV_VERSION` 环境变量
rbenv local jruby-1.7.3      # 当前目录使用 jruby-1.7.3, 会生成一个 `.rbenv-version` 文件

  • last

    rbenv rehash                 # 每当切换 ruby 版本和执行 bundle install 之后必须执行这个命令
rbenv which irb              # 列出 irb 这个命令的完整路径
rbenv whence irb             # 列出包含 irb 这个命令的版本

  • 安装bundle

    gem install bundle

  • 安装rails

    gem install rails

  • 安装 nodejs

    curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

数据库

使用 postgresql 数据库教程来源

sudo apt-get install postgresql

  • 新建数据库用户

    sudo -i -u postgres  //切换到数据库的超级管理员
psql                 //进入数据库控制台
create user deploy with password 'xxxx'; //新建一个deploy用户，密码是xxx
alter role deploy with createdb; //使deploy用户具有创建数据库的权限
alter role deploy with login；//使deploy用户具有登录数据库的权限

  • 注意：

    在后面安装 pg gem 时，可能会出现You need to install postgresql-server-dev-X.Y for building a server-side extension or libpq-dev for building a client-side applic ation错误,依次执行：

    sudo apt-get install python-psycopg2
sudo apt-get install libpq-dev

nginx passenger 安装

这里很详细了

sudo apt-get install -y dirmngr gnupg
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 561F9B9CAC40B2F7
sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates
sudo sh -c 'echo deb https://oss-binaries.phusionpassenger.com/apt/passenger xenial main > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/passenger.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y nginx-extras passenger

  • passenger 的配置

    nginx 安装以后，打开/etc/nginx/passenger.conf会看到

    passenger_root /usr/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/phusion_passenger/locations.ini;
passenger_ruby /home/deploy/.rbenv/shims/ruby; //这里需要修改ruby的安装路径

    which ruby 可以查看 ruby 的路径

Capistrano 配置原文教程

  • 安装必要的包

    group :development do
gem 'capistrano'
gem 'capistrano-bundler'
gem 'capistrano-rails'
gem 'capistrano-rbenv'
# Add this if you're using rvm
# gem 'capistrano-rvm'
end

  • cap install

  • 我的 capfile 文件

    # Load DSL and set up stages
require "capistrano/setup"

# Include default deployment tasks
require "capistrano/deploy"

# Load the SCM plugin appropriate to your project:
#
# require "capistrano/scm/hg"
# install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Hg
# or
# require "capistrano/scm/svn"
# install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Svn
# or
require "capistrano/scm/git"
install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Git

# Include tasks from other gems included in your Gemfile
#
# For documentation on these, see for example:
#
#   https://github.com/capistrano/rvm
#   https://github.com/capistrano/rbenv
#   https://github.com/capistrano/chruby
#   https://github.com/capistrano/bundler
#   https://github.com/capistrano/rails
#   https://github.com/capistrano/passenger
#
# require "capistrano/rvm"
require "capistrano/rbenv"
# require "capistrano/chruby"
require "capistrano/bundler"
require "capistrano/rails/assets"
require "capistrano/rails/migrations"
require "capistrano/passenger"
set :rbenv_type, :user
set :rbenv_ruby, '2.5.0'

# Load custom tasks from `lib/capistrano/tasks` if you have any defined
Dir.glob("lib/capistrano/tasks/*.rake").each { |r| import r }

    我的 deploy.rb 文件

    # config valid for current version and patch releases of Capistrano
lock "~> 3.10.2"

set :application, "script_blog"
set :repo_url, "https://github.com/dccmmtop/script_blog.git"
# Default branch is :master
# ask :branch, `git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD`.chomp

# Default deploy_to directory is /var/www/my_app_name
set :deploy_to, "/home/deploy/scrit_blog"

# Default value for :format is :airbrussh.
# set :format, :airbrussh

# You can configure the Airbrussh format using :format_options.
# These are the defaults.
# set :format_options, command_output: true, log_file: "log/capistrano.log", color: :auto, truncate: :auto

# Default value for :pty is false
# set :pty, true

# Default value for :linked_files is []
# 在服务器<project-name>/share/config/ 下，要手动新建这两个文件，
append :linked_files, "config/database.yml","config/secrets.yml"

# Default value for linked_dirs is []
append :linked_dirs, "log", "tmp/pids", "tmp/cache", "tmp/sockets", "public/system"

# Default value for default_env is {}
# set :default_env, { path: "/opt/ruby/bin:$PATH" }

# Default value for local_user is ENV['USER']
# set :local_user, -> { `git config user.name`.chomp }

# Default value for keep_releases is 5
# set :keep_releases, 5

# Uncomment the following to require manually verifying the host key before first deploy.
# set :ssh_options, verify_host_key: :secure

    注意append :linked_files, "config/database.yml","config/secrets.yml"

    database.yml和secrets.yml是手动在,share/config/目录下新建的，一个是连接数据库的相关信息，一个是安全验证相关信息。我的部署目录是scriot_blog/ 就新建 script_blog/share/config/ 目录

    同时新建以上两个文件。

    database.yml

    production:
adapter: postgresql
pool: <%= ENV.fetch("RAILS_MAX_THREADS") { 5 } %>
timeout: 5000
database: production_blog
username: 'xxx'
password: 'xxx'

    secrets.yml

    production:
secret_key_base: xxxxxx

    其中secret_key_base的值是在本地项目下 执行rake secret 命令生成的。

  • deploy/production.rb

    # server-based syntax
# ======================
# Defines a single server with a list of roles and multiple properties.
# You can define all roles on a single server, or split them:

# server "39.108.138.149", user: "root", roles: %w{app db web}, my_property: :my_value
server "xxxx服务器的ip", user: "deploy", roles: %w{app db web}
# server "example.com", user: "deploy", roles: %w{app web}, other_property: :other_value
# server "db.example.com", user: "deploy", roles: %w{db}
# role-based syntax
# ==================

# Defines a role with one or multiple servers. The primary server in each
# group is considered to be the first unless any hosts have the primary
# property set. Specify the username and a domain or IP for the server.
# Don't use `:all`, it's a meta role.

# role :app, %w{deploy@example.com}, my_property: :my_value
# role :web, %w{user1@primary.com user2@additional.com}, other_property: :other_value
# role :db,  %w{deploy@example.com}

# Configuration
# =============
# You can set any configuration variable like in config/deploy.rb
# These variables are then only loaded and set in this stage.
# For available Capistrano configuration variables see the documentation page.
# http://capistranorb.com/documentation/getting-started/configuration/
# Feel free to add new variables to customise your setup.

# Custom SSH Options
# ==================
# You may pass any option but keep in mind that net/ssh understands a
# limited set of options, consult the Net::SSH documentation.
# http://net-ssh.github.io/net-ssh/classes/Net/SSH.html#method-c-start
#
# Global options
# --------------
set :ssh_options, {
keys: %w(/home/deploy/.ssh/id_rsa),
port: xxx
# forward_agent: false,
# auth_methods: %w(password)
}
#
# The server-based syntax can be used to override options:
# ------------------------------------
# server "example.com",
#   user: "user_name",
#     keys: %w(/home/user_name/.ssh/id_rsa),
#     forward_agent: false,
#     auth_methods: %w(publickey password)
#     # password: "please use keys"
#   }

最后

本地执行cap production deploy